Visa-free travel for short stays. Republik Cinta Management adalah sebuah perusahaan musik Indonesia yang melakukan aktivitas memanage para musisi, penyanyi, band dan para seniman lain berhubungan dengan musik. However, it was not until 1949 that the Dutch recognised Indonesia's sovereignty following an armed and diplomatic conflict between the two. Clockwise from top: Major transport modes in Indonesia. [154] Other engagements of the army include the campaign against the Netherlands New Guinea to incorporate the territory into Indonesia, the Konfrontasi to oppose the creation of Malaysia, the mass killings of PKI, and the invasion of East Timor, which remains Indonesia's most massive military operation. [230][233] Almost 11% of Indonesians are Christians, while the rest are Hindus, Buddhists, and others. Ngurah Rai International Airport and Juanda International Airport are the country's second-and third-busiest airport respectively. Other courts include the Constitutional Court (Mahkamah Konstitusi) that listens to constitutional and political matters and the Religious Court (Pengadilan Agama) that deals with codified Islamic Law (sharia) cases. The Hindu Majapahit kingdom was founded in eastern Java in the late 13th century, and under Gajah Mada, its influence stretched over much of present-day Indonesia. Clockwise from top: TransJakarta bus, Jabodetabek Commuter Line, Garuda Indonesia Boeing 737-800, Pelni ship. Forests on Sumatra and Kalimantan are examples of popular destinations, such as the Orangutan wildlife reserve. According to Reuters, four people connected to the band were killed: bassist M. Awal “Bani” Purbani, road manager Oki Wijaya, guitarist Herman Sikumbang and crew member Ujang. [1][2], Menjelang bulan ramadhan 1428 H (2007 M), Repvblik ikut menyemarakkan dengan mengeluarkan album religi Hidupku Di Jalanku (2007) dengan 6 track andalan. [313] In written poetry and prose, several traditional forms dominate, mainly syair, pantun, gurindam, hikayat and babad. [322] Other popular dishes include rendang, one of the many Padang cuisines along with dendeng and gulai. [302] Notable films in this period include Pengabdi Setan (1980), Nagabonar (1987), Tjoet Nja' Dhien (1988), Catatan Si Boy (1989), and Warkop's comedy films. Republic Bank offers our customers “big bank” benefits with a small-town feel. A string of volcanoes runs through Sumatra, Java, Bali and Nusa Tenggara, and then to the Banda Islands of Maluku to northeastern Sulawesi. Management ini lahir pada Maret 2007 yang dipelopori oleh Ahmad Dhani, seorang komposer musik dan penulis lagu Indonesia, pentolan Dewa 19. The growth ended with the 1997 Asian financial crisis that had a severe impact on the economy, including a 13.1% real GDP contraction in 1998 and inflation reaching 78%. The third level is that of the districts (kecamatan, distrik in Papua, or kapanewon and kemantren in Yogyakarta), and the fourth is of the villages (either desa, kelurahan, kampung, nagari in West Sumatra, or gampong in Aceh). The VOC was dissolved in 1800 following bankruptcy, and the Netherlands established the Dutch East Indies as a nationalised colony. South Maluku, officially the Republic of South Maluku, is an unrecognized secessionist republic in the southern Maluku Islands archipelago in Oceania and Maritime Southeast Asia that claims the islands of Ambon, Buru, and Seram as part of its territory, all of which are currently illegally occupied by the Indonesian province of Maluku. The Sundanese, Malay, Batak, Madurese, Minangkabau and Buginese are the next largest groups in the country. x. … [36], For most of the colonial period, Dutch control over the archipelago was tenuous. Bandung-Jatinangor: Fakultas Sastra Universitas Padjadjaran: hlm. [140] Indonesia is a signatory to the ASEAN Free Trade Area agreement, the Cairns Group, and the World Trade Organization (WTO), and an occasional member of OPEC. Chapter XA, Article 28E, 1st Clause of the 1945 Constitution. Notable theatre, dance, and drama troupe such as Teater Koma are famous as it often portrays social and political satire of Indonesian society.[301]. [106], Several studies consider Indonesia to be at severe risk from the projected effects of climate change. Indonesia's largest airport, Soekarno–Hatta International Airport is among the busiest in the Southern Hemisphere, serving 54 million passengers in 2019. Though no longer a majority, Hinduism and Buddhism remain to have a substantial influence on Indonesian culture.[241][242]. The most dominant has traditionally been Indian; however, Chinese, Arab, and European influences have also been significant. The diverse world of Indonesian music genres is the result of the musical creativity of its people, and subsequent cultural encounters with foreign influences. Rainfall varies across regions, with more in western Sumatra, Java, and the interiors of Kalimantan and Papua, and less in areas closer to Australia, such as Nusa Tenggara, which tend to be dry. [37][38][39] Only in the early 20th century did the Dutch dominance extend to what was to become Indonesia's current boundaries. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia is a government ministry responsible for the country's foreign politics. It is the largest archipelagic country in the world, extending 5,120 kilometres (3,181 mi) from east to west and 1,760 kilometres (1,094 mi) from north to south. Since 2014 we have been providing quality mods and growing every day since then, we are here to stay. [89] Its flora and fauna is a mixture of Asian and Australasian species. The country has a range of sea and coastal ecosystems, including beaches, dunes, estuaries, mangroves, coral reefs, seagrass beds, coastal mudflats, tidal flats, algal beds, and small island ecosystems. Large species such as the Sumatran tiger, rhinoceros, orangutan, Asian elephant, and leopard were once abundant as far east as Bali, but numbers and distribution have dwindled drastically. Indonesia consists of hundreds of distinct native ethnic and linguistic groups, with the largest one being the Javanese. [291] Examples include war dances, a dance of witch doctors, and dance to call for rain or any agricultural rituals such as Hudoq. [243][244] For the most part, Islam overlaid and mixed with existing cultural and religious influences that resulted in a distinct form of Islam. Ministry of Communication and Information Technology (MCIT ) Republic of Indonesia - www.postel.go.id 2015 The target is : 20 MHz (5.7% of 350 MHz) On June 2015, The Minister of ICT in Indonesia stipulated a Ministerial Regulation No. It hands out the Citra Award, the film industry's most prestigious award. Download, streaming, gaming tanpa FUP dengan koneksi Fiber to the Home. The temples of Borobudur and Prambanan are among the most famous examples of the practice. ", "Birth of Indonesia's 'Medicare': Fasten your seatbelts", "On the road to universal health care in Indonesia, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016", "Routine Violence in Java, Indonesia: Neo-Malthusian and Social Justice Perspectives", "The impact of migration on the people of Papua, Indonesia: A historical demographic analysis", "It's OK to be gay in Indonesia so long as you keep it quiet", "Indonesia – Intangible heritage, cultural sector", "Musik di Tengah Konflik Indonesia-Malaysia", "Editor Says: Ketika Musik Indonesia Berjaya di Negeri Tetangga", "Indonesia Tourism : The Dance and Theater in the Archipelago", "Traditions, Wayang Wong Priangan: Dance Drama of West Java", "Ketoprak: Javanese Folk Art (Part 1 of 2)", "Randai (Indonesian folk theater form, uses silat)", "Review: Indonesian post-colonial theatre", "Today Is the 97th Birthday of the Father of Indonesian Cinema. Scholars believe that they had their beginning in rituals and religious worship. The former can boast a unique combination of a tropical climate, a vast archipelago, and a long stretch of beaches, and the latter complement those with a rich cultural heritage reflecting Indonesia's dynamic history and ethnic diversity. [163] Historically, it has been weighted heavily towards agriculture, reflecting both its stage of economic development and government policies in the 1950s and 1960s to promote agricultural self-sufficiency. Flora and fauna on the west of the line are generally Asian, while east from Lombok they are increasingly Australian until the tipping point at the Weber Line. Islam was introduced by Sunni traders of the Shafi'i fiqh, as well as Sufi traders from the Indian subcontinent and southern Arabian peninsula as early as the 8th century CE. [311], The oldest evidence of writing in the Indonesian archipelago is a series of Sanskrit inscriptions dated to the 5th century. The report also indicates that Indonesia's performance is generally below average in both regional and global context. [257][258], Education is compulsory for 12 years. Indonesia's expenditure on science and technology is relatively low, at less than 0.1% of GDP (2017). [306] Indonesia has held annual film festivals and awards, including the Indonesian Film Festival (Festival Film Indonesia) that has been held intermittently since 1955. Usmar Ismail, who made significant imprints in the 1950s and 1960s, is generally considered to be the pioneer of Indonesian films. Most Indonesians also speak at least one of more than 700 local languages,[3] often as their first language. Many of Indonesia's peoples have firmly rooted oral traditions, which help to define and preserve their cultural identities. [126], The village is the lowest level of government administration. We are one of the largest Philadelphia-based banks, yet decisions are made locally and quickly. [192] Indonesia has also joined the South Korean programme to manufacture the fifth-generation jet fighter KAI KF-X. 5/1974 Concerning Basic Principles on Administration in the Region", "Putting Indigenous Papuans as the Leading Subject of Development", "DKI Jakarta, a City with a Provincial Status? Media freedom increased considerably after the fall of the New Order, during which the Ministry of Information monitored and controlled domestic media and restricted foreign media. Search the world's information, including webpages, images, videos and more. Indonesia (/ˌɪndəˈniːʒə/ (listen) IN-də-NEE-zhə), officially the Republic of Indonesia (Indonesian: Republik Indonesia [reˈpublik ɪndoˈnesia] (listen)),[a] is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania, between the Indian and Pacific oceans. [327] Some of the famous Indonesian boxers include Ellyas Pical, three times IBF Super flyweight champion; Nico Thomas, Muhammad Rachman, and Chris John. Indonesia currently holds eleven items of UNESCO's Intangible Cultural Heritage, including a wayang puppet theatre, kris, batik,[277] pencak silat, angklung, and the three genres of traditional Balinese dance. [173], Indonesia's transport system has been shaped over time by the economic resource base of an archipelago, and the distribution of its 250 million people highly concentrated on Java. [265] It includes coverage for a range of services from the public and also private firms that have opted to join the scheme. [238] The Sundanese Kingdom of Salakanagara in western Java around 130 was the first historically recorded Indianised kingdom in the archipelago. Misi utama RCM adalah mengembangkan kemampuan dan profesionalisme musisi dan penyanyi-penyanyi Indonesia. ASUS adalah perusahaan terdepan yang menyediakan inovasi dan komitmen dalam menghadirkan produk berkualitas seperti notebook, netbook, motherboard, graphics card, display, desktop PC, server, wireless solution, mobile phone dan perangkat networking. [24] Austronesian peoples, who form the majority of the modern population, migrated to Southeast Asia from what is now Taiwan. If you plan to stay more than 30 days, apply for a visa from an embassy or consulate of Indonesia. [204], The 2020 census recorded Indonesia's population as 270.2 million, the fourth largest in the world, with a moderately high population growth rate at 1.3%. [97], Indonesia's large and growing population and rapid industrialisation present serious environmental issues. The earth-fill dam is 105 m (344 ft) high and withholds a reservoir of 3.0 billion m3 (2.4 million acre⋅ft). [163] This development continued throughout the 1980s and into the next decade despite the 1990 oil price shock, during which the GDP rose at an average rate of 7.1%. [100], Expansion of the palm oil industry requiring significant changes to the natural ecosystems is the one primary factor behind much of Indonesia's deforestation. The company also collaborated with EADS CASA of Spain to develop the CN-235 that has seen use by several countries. The economy reached its low point in mid-1999 with only 0.8% real GDP growth. We pride ourselves on our retail-based model focused on convenience and fanatic customer service. The country's capital, Jakarta, is the second-most populous urban area in the world. A massive supervolcano erupted at present-day Lake Toba around 70,000 BCE. In all legislative elections since the fall of the New Order, no political party has managed to win an overall majority of seats. The ancient Borobudur and Prambanan temples as well as Toraja and Bali, with its traditional festivities, are some of the popular destinations for cultural tourism. In 2014, the Constitutional Court ruled that legislative and presidential elections are to be held simultaneously, starting in 2019. [182] While reliance on domestic coal and imported oil has increased,[183] Indonesia has seen progress in renewable energy with hydropower being the most abundant source. [148] The Armed Forces were formed during the Indonesian National Revolution when it undertook guerrilla warfare along with informal militia. Having been long separated from the continental landmasses, Sulawesi, Nusa Tenggara, and Maluku have developed their unique flora and fauna. In the late 2010s, Jakarta and Palembang were the first cities in Indonesia to have rapid transit systems, with more planned for other cities in the future. It marked the first time in UN history that a member state had attempted a withdrawal. [212] As of 2017, about 54.7% of the population lives in urban areas. [215], Indonesia is an ethnically diverse country, with around 600 distinct native ethnic groups. The world's leading telcotech company providing broadband and mobile services to homes and businesses across the Asia-Pacific. "Kropak 406; Carita Parahyangan dan Fragmen Carita Parahyangan", Makalah disampaikan dalam Kegiatan Bedah Naskah Kuna yang diselenggarakan oleh Balai Pengelolaan Museum Negeri Sri Baduga. Any displayed sale is meant as a token of partnership and will always redirect you to our partners' sites. Gerhard Bowering et al. In 1961, the first post-colonial census recorded a total of 97 million people. [163] A gradual process of industrialisation and urbanisation began in the late 1960s and accelerated in the 1980s as falling oil prices saw the government focus on diversifying away from oil exports and towards manufactured exports. [103] It also threatens the survival of indigenous and endemic species. [281] Subsequently, tribal art has flourished within the culture of Nias, Batak, Asmat, Dayak and Toraja. [268], Nearly 80% of Indonesia's population lives in the western parts of the archipelago,[269] but they are growing at a slower pace than the rest of the country. Section 3 Southeast Asia, Religions, "Influence of Hinduism and Buddhism on Indonesian culture", "How religious commitment varies by country among people of all ages", "Awakening Indonesia's Golden Generation: Extending Compulsory Education from 9 to 12 Years", "Educative Tradition and Islamic Schools in Indonesia", "Is Indonesia Ready for International Branch Campuses? Google has many special features to help you find exactly what you're looking for. ", second-most populous urban area in the world, The earliest evidence of Islamized populations, first direct presidential election in 2004, Coordinating Ministry for Maritime and Investments Affairs, extensive haze across parts of Southeast Asia, International Union for Conservation of Nature, most extended bus rapid transit system in the world, National Institute of Aeronautics and Space, sizable Jewish presence in the archipelago, ongoing, decades-long separatist movement, eleven items of UNESCO's Intangible Cultural Heritage, "Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Twenty-first edition", "Nationality, Ethnicity, Religion, and Languages of Indonesians", "Statistik Umat Menurut Agama di Indonesia", United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, "Report for Selected Countries and Subjects", "GINI index (World Bank estimate) – Indonesia", "Evidence on the age of the Asian Hominidae", "Dutch Attitudes towards Colonial Empires, Indigenous Cultures, and Slaves", 20.500.11755/c467167b-2084-413c-a3c7-f390f9b3a092, "Indonesia: World War II and the Struggle for Independence, 1942–50; The Japanese Occupation, 1942–45", "40 Years Later: The Mass Killings in Indonesia", "Unresolved Problems in the Indonesian Killings of 1965–1966", "Indonesia massacres: Declassified US files shed new light", "Indonesia: from showcase to basket case", "East Timor Revisited, Ford, Kissinger, and the Indonesian Invasion, 1975–76", "Situation of human rights in East Timor", "The Carter Center 2004 Indonesia Election Report", "16,000 Indonesian islands registered at UN", "Climate: Observations, projections and impacts", "Indonesia and Climate Change: Current Status and Policies", "Volcanic activity and environment: Impacts on agriculture and use of geological data to improve recovery processes", "Early Humans May Have Lived Through A Supervolcano Eruption", "The Eruption of Krakatoa Was the First Global Catastrophe", "Meet The 10 Megadiverse Countries In The World", "Indonesia's Natural Wealth: The Right of a Nation and Her People", "A Naturalist's Guide to the Tropics, excerpt", "Coral reef destruction spells humanitarian disaster", "Deforestation in Indonesia and the Orangutan Population", "Can Indonesia increase palm oil output without destroying its forest? [109] Rising sea levels would also threaten the majority of Indonesia's population who lives in low-lying coastal areas. Winds are moderate and generally predictable, with monsoons usually blowing in from the south and east in June through October, and from the northwest in November through March. [171] However, in late 2020, Indonesia fell into its first recession in 22 years due to the effects of the global COVID-19 pandemic. This situation creates a gap in wealth, unemployment rate, and health between densely populated islands and economic centres (such as Sumatra and Java) and sparsely populated, disadvantaged areas (such as Maluku and Papua). [160] Since 2009, it has employed more people than other sectors, accounting for 47.7% of the total labour force, followed by agriculture (30.2%) and industry (21.9%). [183] As of 2015[update], Indonesia's total national installed power generation capacity stands at 55,528.51 MW.[185]. [79] For most of Indonesia, the dry season falls between May and October with the wet season between November and April. Humidity is quite high, at between 70 and 90%. [101] While it can generate wealth for local communities, it may degrade ecosystems and cause social problems. [284], As with the arts, Indonesian architecture has absorbed foreign influences that have brought cultural changes and profound effect on building styles and techniques. [77], Indonesia lies along the equator, and its climate tends to be relatively even year-round. [34], The first Europeans arrived in the archipelago in 1512, when Portuguese traders, led by Francisco Serrão, sought to monopolise the sources of nutmeg, cloves, and cubeb pepper in the Maluku Islands. The first native scholar to use the name was Ki Hajar Dewantara when in 1913 he established a press bureau in the Netherlands, Indonesisch Pers-bureau. [320] Rice is the leading staple food and is served with side dishes of meat and vegetables. 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